CODE SWITCHING, CODE MIXING, AND INTERFERENCE

CODE SWITCHING, CODE MIXING, AND INTERFERENCE

          Code switching is the term used to refer to the situation where two or more codes (languages) are used in the same conversation or utterances. There are several factors influencing code switching, such as the solidarity with the listeners, the choice of the topic, and perceived social and cultural distance. People also switch when there is a new participant, solidarity relationship and status. Other switching is caused by the choice of the topic and affective functions.

          Code mixing suggest the speaker is mixing up code indiscriminately or perhaps because of incompetence. It occurs when conversations use both language together in the course of a single utterance. Interference is the use of formal elements of one code within the context of another. It can occur at phonological, morphological, lexical or syntactical levels.

FORMATIVE TEST 2

1.    What is code switching?

Code switching refers to a situation where two or more codes (languages) are used in the same conversation ou utterances

2.   Write your explanation about types of switching proposed by Gumperz!

There are two types of switching, situational and conversational code switching. In situational code switching, the switch occurs in response to a change situation, such as the coming of a new participant and changing the topic of conversation or setting. Conversational code switching refers to the switch having a stylistic or textual function, such as to signal quotation, to mark emphasis, reiteration, etc.

3.    Describe one situation where ‘participant’ is the factor in influencing code switching!

Two people from Bandung speak Sundanese before the class begins. Then another student who does not understand Sundanese comes and joins the conversations. They automatically switch to Bahasa Indonesia because it can be understood by all of them. (many other possible answer are accepted)

4.   Describe one situation where ‘topic’ is the factor in influencing code switching!

Javanese students are talking about their home town and family. Then when they begin talking about chemistry they switch into Bahasa Indonesia because they have learn vocabulary related to chemistry in Bahasa Indonesia or English. So, topic determines the code-switching. (many otter answer are possible)

5.   What is ‘switching for affective function’?

Switching for affective function accurs  when two or more students talk about the lesson in class in Bahasa Indonesia, but then they switch into Balinese when they make rude remarks or joke about the teacher to each other

6.   What is the difference between switching and mixing?

Code mixing accurs when a speaker mixes up code indiscriminately or perhaps because of incompetence, while code switching are very well-motivated in relation to the symbolic or social meaning of the two codes.

7.    Explain the concept and types of inference!

Interference refers to the use of formal elements of one language within the context of another language. There are three type of interference:

-        Phonological interference

-        Morphological interference

-        Syntactical interference

8.   Gumperz (1982) identifies six conversational functions of code switching, namely quotations, addresses specification, interjections, reiteration, message qualification, and personalization versus objectification. Use these six functions to label the following examples of code switching:

a.  Spanish-English. Form a conversation among two Chicano professionals. The speakers is taking about her baby-sitter. She doesn’t speak English, so, dice que la reganan: ‘Si se les va olvidar el idioma a las criaturas (she say that they would scold her: ‘the children are surely going to forget their language’ QUOTATION

b.  A group of Hindi speaking graduate students are discussing the subject of Hindi-English code switching.ADDRESSEE SPECIFICATION

A. ometimes you get exited and then you speak in Hindi, then you go on to English

B. No nonsense, it depends on your command of English

B. [shortly thereafter turning to a third participant, who just returned from answering doorbell] kon hai bai (who is it)?

c.  English-Spanish MESSAGE QUALIFICATION

The oldest one, la grande la de onceanos (the bis one who is eleven years old)

d.  Hindi-English. Father in India calling to his son, who was learning to swim in a swimming pool. REITERATION

Boju-me jao beta, andar mat (go to the side son, not inside). Keep to the side